WASTE TYPES MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
It is a process that converts carbonaceous materials, such as biomass, into
carbon monoxide and hydrogen by reacting the raw material at high temperatures
with a controlled amount of oxygen The resulting gas mixture is called synthesis
gas or syngas and is itself a fuel. Gasification is a method for extracting
energy from different types of organic materials. The advantage of gasification
is that using the syngas is more efficient than direct combustion of
the original fuel; as it may be burned directly in internal combustion engines,
used to produce methanol and hydrogen, or converted via the Fischer-Tropsch
process
Into synthetic fuel. Gasification can also begin with materials that are not
otherwise useful fuels, such as biomass or organic waste. In addition, the
high-temperature combustion refines out corrosive ash elements such as chloride
and potassium, allowing clean gas production from otherwise problematic fuels.
Thus, it is an important technology for renewable energy. In particular biomass
gasification is carbon neutral. Gasification relies on chemical processes at
elevated temperatures >700°C, which distinguishes it from biological processes
such as anaerobic
digestion that produce biogas.
In essence, a limited amount of oxygen or air is introduced into the reactor to
allow some of the organic material to be "burned" to produce carbon monoxide and
energy, which drives a second reaction that converts further organic material to
hydrogen and additional carbon dioxide. Several gasification processes for
thermal treatment of waste are under development as an alternative to
incineration. A major challenge for waste gasification Waste_Portal2/Technologies is to reach
an acceptable (positive) gross electric
efficiency. The high efficiency of converting syngas to electric power is
counteracted by significant power consumption in the waste preprocessing,
production of large amounts of pure oxygen (which is often used as gasification
agent), and gas cleaning. Another challenge in real life is to obtain long
service intervals in the plants, so that it is not necessary to close down the
plant every few months for cleaning the reactor. Several waste gasification
processes have been proposed, but few have yet been built and tested, and only a
handful have been implemented as plants processing real waste. Four types of
gasifier are currently available for commercial use: counter-current fixed bed;
co-current fixed bed, fluidized bed and entrained flow.
Link for pyrolysis and gasification
http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/7375/4/JSIR%2069%283%29%20177-179.pdf
http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/briefings/gasification_pyrolysis.pdf
http://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?searchText=%5Ball%3A+pyrolysis+and+gasification+of+municipal+solid+waste%5D&cookieSet=1 http://www.hdrinc.com/Assets/documents/Publications/InnovationsPFS/Winter2004/UsingGasificationtoProcessMSW.pdf
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V3F-4XT2CJX-7&_user=10&_coverDate=02%2F28%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1234077952&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=424c64172ae29aaad92628dd6bcf79a6
http://www.iapws.jp/Proceedings/Symposium15/741Atoji.pdf
http://colloque2008.cmm.qc.ca/presentations/circeo2.pdf
http://gasification4energy.com/ http://www.microbiologyprocedure.com/waste-water-microbiologyII/gasification.html
http://www.amracenter.com/doc/pubblicazioni/IFSA_2005_Arena_presentation.pdf
http://www.wickedlocal.com/plymouth/news/business/x228079150/Solid-waste-disposal-alternatives-defined
http://www.conversiontechnologystudy.com/media/documents/4-4-08FinalEvaluationReport.pdf
http://www.conversiontechnologystudy.com/media/documents/4-4-08FinalEvaluationReport.pdf
Application of Plasma Gasification Technology in Waste to Energy Challenges and Opportunities
Gasification of municipal solid waste in the Plasma Gasification Melting process
Gasification of Non-Recycled Plastics From Municipal Solid Waste In the United States
Plasma Pyrolysis : An Innovative Treatment to Solid Waste of Plastic Material
SIMULATION OF EFFECTS OF VARIOUS PARAMETERS IN SOLID WASTE GASIFICATION IN A FIXED BED REACTOR
Gasification An Alternative Process for Energy Recovery and Disposal of Municipal Solid Wastes
Process and technological aspects of municipal solid waste gasification